Burn out, overwork, exhaustion and mental load

What is Burnout?

Burn out, also known as burnout syndrome, is characterized by a state of physical, emotional and mental exhaustion. This phenomenon results from prolonged investment in emotionally demanding work situations, manifested by an intense feeling of exhaustion, emotional detachment and a loss of confidence in one's abilities (Source: Foundation for Medical Research​​ , National Institute for Research and Security​​). What are the 3 logics leading to burnout?

The syndrome is also associated with various symptoms such as sadness, memory and concentration problems, increased aggression, decreased motivation, as well as physical problems such as fatigue, back pain, problems with sleep and gastrointestinal disorders (source: Haute Autorité de Santé).

In their book “When work hurts”, Claude de Scorraille, Olivier Brosseau, and Grégoire Vitry describe the process of professional burnout as “all the cumulative effects of the attempts at solutions that an individual implements in an attempt to adapt as best as possible to your work environment.” This adaptive dynamic is a circular process that connects the person to their work situation, to others and to themselves, prey to rigidity, which is the result of a dynamic combination of avoidance, control and/or belief.

In the process of burnout, the person avoids facing their fears by experiencing an action that has the effect of calming them. It’s a process of escapism that works like a drug. The person ends up being addicted to action.

Burn out in France?

Burnout is a growing concern in France, with alarming figures illustrating its growing prevalence in the world of work:

• According to a study by INSEE and DARES published on 06/29/2023, 27% of employed people who have had a health problem caused by work over the last twelve months declare that it is a problem of stress, depression or anxiety (Source: Insee ).
• A study by Technologia indicates that 3.2 million employees, or 12% of the working population, are at risk of burnout (Source: Link ).
•  Another study carried out by Opinion Way before the summer of 2022 reveals that 41% of French employees suffer from psychological distress, including 14% at a high rate, and 34% of French employees are in a state of burnout, 13% being qualified as “severe” (representing more than 2.5 million people).

Specific groups appear to be more vulnerable to burnout, including women (46%), those under 29 (59%), teleworkers (45%) and managers (43%). 

These figures demonstrate the scale of the burnout problem in France, highlighting not only its impact on the mental health of individuals but also the associated economic and social costs for businesses and society in general.

What are the first signs of burnout?

The first signs of burnout usually manifest as a combination of emotional, physical and behavioral symptoms. 

Initially, the individual may experience persistent fatigue, trouble sleeping, and decreased energy. 

Emotionally, he may feel more irritable, anxious or depressed. Gradual disengagement from work, decline in motivation and job satisfaction are also common.  

Behaviorally, we often observe a drop in performance, social isolation and difficulty concentrating. These symptoms, although not specific, can progress and worsen if not adequately managed.

Several risk factors contribute to the development of burnout. These factors, identified by studies and health organizations such as INRS and the High Authority of Health, are multiple and interdependent.

Working conditions, such as work overload, time pressure, unrealistic goals and lack of clarity in missions and means, play a crucial role. They are often accompanied by low autonomy and low rewards, leading to a feeling of lack of fairness and recognition. Are perfectionists good candidates for burnout?

Emotional demands, such as confronting suffering or death, and emotional dissonance, are particularly significant in certain professions, notably those in the health and social sectors. These factors can lead to cynicism about work and reduced personal accomplishment.

Work relationships, including interpersonal conflicts and lack of support, can also contribute to the development of burnout. Value conflicts and job insecurity are other significant factors.

The risk of burnout can also vary depending on the category of profession carried out. Studies have shown that professions with a high emotional load or requiring a significant investment are more at risk.

In addition, personal and family factors, life events, and relationships with work also influence the risk of developing professional burnout syndrome. Personality traits that can limit coping skills, such as a history of depression, are also risk factors.

Preventing burnout involves paying particular attention to these factors, both at an individual and collective level, in order to reduce professional demands and increase the resources available to employees. This includes setting up discussion groups, strengthening teamwork, and improving recognition of work accomplished.

For more information and an in-depth understanding of the risk factors for burnout, you can consult the following sources: INRS​​ and Haute Autorité de Santé .